一、燃氣系統(tǒng)問題

1、 Gas system issues

（一）燃氣壓力波動

（1） Gas pressure fluctuation

燃氣壓力波動是影響瓦斯發(fā)電機組穩(wěn)定運行的常見問題。經(jīng)分析，其產(chǎn)生原因主要有以下幾點：

Gas pressure fluctuations are a common problem that affects the stable operation of gas generators. After analysis, the main reasons for its occurrence are as follows:

氣源壓力不穩(wěn)：當(dāng)氣源壓力變化幅度超過設(shè)定值的 10% 時，會直接導(dǎo)致進入機組的燃氣壓力波動，進而影響燃燒穩(wěn)定性。

Unstable gas source pressure: When the change in gas source pressure exceeds 10% of the set value, it will directly cause fluctuations in the gas pressure entering the unit, thereby affecting combustion stability.

調(diào)壓閥故障：若調(diào)壓閥響應(yīng)時間超過 2 秒，無法及時對壓力變化做出調(diào)節(jié)，同樣會造成燃氣壓力不穩(wěn)定。

Pressure regulating valve malfunction: If the response time of the pressure regulating valve exceeds 2 seconds, it cannot adjust the pressure changes in a timely manner, which can also cause unstable gas pressure.

濾芯堵塞：當(dāng)濾芯前后壓差大于 5kPa 時，氣體流通受阻，這也會引起燃氣壓力波動。

Filter blockage: When the pressure difference between the front and rear of the filter is greater than 5kPa, gas flow is blocked, which can also cause fluctuations in gas pressure.

針對燃氣壓力波動問題，可采取以下解決方案：

The following solutions can be taken to address the issue of gas pressure fluctuations:

建立氣源壓力監(jiān)測與反饋機制，實時跟蹤氣源壓力變化，必要時與供氣方協(xié)調(diào)穩(wěn)定氣源壓力；定期檢修調(diào)壓閥，確保其響應(yīng)靈敏，若出現(xiàn)故障及時更換或維修；按規(guī)定周期清理或更換濾芯，維持氣體順暢流通，保證燃氣壓力穩(wěn)定。

Establish a monitoring and feedback mechanism for gas source pressure, track changes in gas source pressure in real time, and coordinate with the gas supply party to stabilize gas source pressure when necessary; Regularly inspect the pressure regulating valve to ensure its responsiveness, and replace or repair it promptly in case of any malfunction; Clean or replace the filter element according to the prescribed cycle, maintain smooth gas flow, and ensure stable gas pressure.

（二）甲烷濃度變化

（2） Changes in methane concentration

甲烷作為瓦斯氣的主要可燃成分，其濃度變化會顯著影響機組運行。為應(yīng)對甲烷濃度變化，可采取以下措施：

Methane, as the main combustible component of gas, can significantly affect the operation of the unit when its concentration changes. To cope with changes in methane concentration, the following measures can be taken:

安裝在線色譜儀：實現(xiàn)對甲烷濃度的快速檢測，檢測周期小于 30 秒，以便及時掌握濃度動態(tài)。

Install online chromatograph: achieve rapid detection of methane concentration, with a detection cycle of less than 30 seconds, in order to timely grasp the concentration dynamics.

調(diào)整空燃比：將空燃比（λ）控制在 1.8 - 2.2 的合理區(qū)間，確保燃氣充分燃燒，提高機組效率。

Adjust air-fuel ratio: Control the air-fuel ratio (λ) within a reasonable range of 1.8-2.2 to ensure full combustion of gas and improve unit efficiency.

設(shè)置濃度聯(lián)鎖：當(dāng)甲烷濃度低于 30% 時，自動降低機組負荷，避免因燃氣熱值不足導(dǎo)致機組運行異常 。

Set concentration interlock: When the methane concentration is below 30%, the unit load will be automatically reduced to avoid abnormal operation of the unit due to insufficient gas calorific value.

二、發(fā)動機故障

2、 Engine malfunction

（一）爆震現(xiàn)象

（1） Detonation phenomenon

爆震現(xiàn)象會對發(fā)動機造成嚴(yán)重損害。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)高頻金屬聲時，通常是由于點火提前角過大導(dǎo)致，此時需要將點火提前角調(diào)整至 25 - 35°CA，使燃燒過程更平穩(wěn)；若出現(xiàn)功率突降的情況，往往是因為燃氣熱值突變，可采用熱值補償控制策略，根據(jù)燃氣熱值變化自動調(diào)整燃燒參數(shù)；而排溫異常則多是由于混合不均勻引起，需要對混合器結(jié)構(gòu)進行優(yōu)化，促進燃氣與空氣充分混合。

The phenomenon of detonation can cause serious damage to the engine. When high-frequency metallic sound occurs, it is usually caused by a too large ignition advance angle. At this time, the ignition advance angle needs to be adjusted to 25-35 ° CA to make the combustion process smoother; If there is a sudden drop in power, it is often due to a sudden change in gas calorific value. A calorific value compensation control strategy can be used to automatically adjust combustion parameters based on the change in gas calorific value; Abnormal exhaust temperature is often caused by uneven mixing, and it is necessary to optimize the structure of the mixer to promote sufficient mixing of gas and air.

（二）氣缸溫度異常

（2） Abnormal cylinder temperature

為有效控制氣缸溫度異常，可采取以下控制策略：

To effectively control abnormal cylinder temperature, the following control strategies can be adopted:

冷卻水溫度監(jiān)測：將冷卻水溫度控制在 85 - 95℃的最佳范圍，通過冷卻系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)維持合適的溫度，保障發(fā)動機正常散熱。

Cooling water temperature monitoring: Control the cooling water temperature within the optimal range of 85-95 ℃, adjust and maintain the appropriate temperature through the cooling system, and ensure normal engine heat dissipation.

紅外熱像儀檢測：利用紅外熱像儀實時監(jiān)測氣缸溫度，當(dāng)各部位溫差超過 15℃時及時報警，以便排查溫度異常原因。

Infrared thermal imager detection: Real time monitoring of cylinder temperature using an infrared thermal imager, and timely alarm when the temperature difference between different parts exceeds 15 ℃, in order to investigate the cause of temperature abnormalities.

缸套水流量調(diào)節(jié)：確保各缸缸套水流量單缸偏差小于 5%，保證各氣缸冷卻均勻，防止局部過熱 。

Cylinder liner water flow regulation: Ensure that the cylinder liner water flow of each cylinder has a single cylinder deviation of less than 5%, ensure uniform cooling of each cylinder, and prevent local overheating.

三、發(fā)電系統(tǒng)故障

3、 Power generation system malfunction

（一）電壓波動

（1） Voltage fluctuation

電壓波動會影響發(fā)電質(zhì)量和設(shè)備穩(wěn)定性，可通過以下技術(shù)措施解決：

Voltage fluctuations can affect the quality of power generation and equipment stability, and can be resolved through the following technical measures:

AVR 響應(yīng)優(yōu)化：將自動電壓調(diào)節(jié)器（AVR）的響應(yīng)時間縮短至 20ms 以內(nèi)，使其能快速對電壓變化做出調(diào)節(jié)。

AVR response optimization: Shorten the response time of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) to within 20ms, enabling it to quickly adjust to voltage changes.

增加穩(wěn)壓電容：安裝容量不小于 1000μF 的穩(wěn)壓電容，增強系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)壓能力，減少電壓波動。

Increase voltage regulator capacitor: Install a voltage regulator capacitor with a capacity of not less than 1000 μ F to enhance the system's voltage regulation capability and reduce voltage fluctuations.

檢查轉(zhuǎn)子繞組：定期檢測轉(zhuǎn)子繞組，確保其阻抗偏差小于 5%，保證發(fā)電系統(tǒng)正常運行。

Check the rotor winding: Regularly inspect the rotor winding to ensure that its impedance deviation is less than 5%, ensuring the normal operation of the power generation system.

（二）并網(wǎng)不同步

（2） Asynchronous grid connection

實現(xiàn)瓦斯發(fā)電機組順利并網(wǎng)，需滿足以下同步條件：機組輸出電壓與電網(wǎng)電壓差需控制在 ±5% 以內(nèi)；機組發(fā)電頻率與電網(wǎng)頻率差應(yīng)小于 ±0.2Hz；機組與電網(wǎng)的相位差需保持在 ±10° 以內(nèi) 。

To achieve smooth grid connection of gas generator units, the following synchronization conditions must be met: the difference between the output voltage of the unit and the grid voltage must be controlled within ± 5%; The difference between the generator frequency and the grid frequency should be less than ± 0.2Hz; The phase difference between the unit and the power grid should be kept within ± 10 °.

并網(wǎng)前的校準(zhǔn)步驟如下：仔細檢查電壓互感器（PT）和電流互感器（CT）的變比，確保測量準(zhǔn)確；合理調(diào)整調(diào)速器的 PID 參數(shù)，優(yōu)化機組的頻率和功率調(diào)節(jié)性能；對同步繼電器進行驗證，保證其能準(zhǔn)確判斷并網(wǎng)條件，實現(xiàn)可靠并網(wǎng)。

The calibration steps before grid connection are as follows: carefully check the transformation ratio of the voltage transformer (PT) and current transformer (CT) to ensure accurate measurement; Reasonably adjust the PID parameters of the governor to optimize the frequency and power regulation performance of the unit; Verify the synchronous relay to ensure it can accurately determine the grid connection conditions and achieve reliable grid connection.

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