由于柴油發(fā)電機解決了在特殊環(huán)境中需要使用電力的情況，給我們提供了很大的便利，所以現(xiàn)在柴油發(fā)電機的應用領(lǐng)域非常廣泛，但在不同的環(huán)境中使用柴油發(fā)電機都需要注意使用方法及對柴油發(fā)電機的保養(yǎng)。特別是在一些惡劣的環(huán)境下，比如在低溫的環(huán)境中使用柴油發(fā)電機有哪些需要我們注意的事項呢？
As the diesel generator solves the need to use electricity in special environment and provides us with great convenience, the application field of diesel generator is very wide now, but the use of diesel generator in different environments needs to pay attention to the use method and maintenance of diesel generator. Especially in some harsh environments, such as using diesel generators in low temperature environment, what should we pay attention to?
一、放水過早或不放冷卻水。
1、 Discharge water too early or do not discharge cooling water.
熄火前以怠速運轉(zhuǎn)，待冷卻水溫度降至60℃以下，水不燙手，再熄火放水。若過早放掉冷卻水，機體在溫度較高時突然受冷空氣侵襲會產(chǎn)生驟縮，出現(xiàn)裂紋。當氣溫低于-4℃度時，一定要放掉柴油機冷卻水箱中的冷卻水，因為-4℃度時水會結(jié)冰體積隨之變大，冷卻水箱散熱器因體積加大膨脹而損壞。
Before flameout, operate at idle speed. When the cooling water temperature drops below 60 ℃ and the water is not hot, flameout and drain water. If the cooling water is discharged prematurely, the body will be suddenly attacked by cold air when the temperature is high, resulting in sudden shrinkage and cracks. When the temperature is lower than - 4 ℃, the cooling water in the cooling water tank of the diesel engine must be drained, because the water will freeze at - 4 ℃, the volume will increase, and the radiator of the cooling water tank will be damaged due to the expansion of the volume.
二、隨便選用燃油。
2、 Choose fuel at will.
冬季低溫使柴油的流動性變差，粘度變大，不易噴散，造成霧化不良，燃燒惡化，導致柴油機的動力性和經(jīng)濟性能下降。故低溫時在選擇機油，應盡量選擇黏度稀一點，凝點低和發(fā)火性能好的輕柴油。一般要求柴油機的凝點應低于本地當前季節(jié)氣溫7-10℃。
The low temperature in winter makes the fluidity and viscosity of diesel worse, which is not easy to spray, resulting in poor atomization and deterioration of combustion, resulting in the decline of power and economic performance of diesel engine. Therefore, when selecting engine oil at low temperature, try to choose light diesel oil with thinner viscosity, low freezing point and good ignition performance. Generally, the freezing point of diesel engine shall be 7-10 ℃ lower than the current local seasonal temperature.
三、用明火助燃起動。
3、 Start with open flame.
不能把空氣濾清器取下，用棉紗蘸上柴油點燃后做成引火物置于進氣管內(nèi)實行助燃啟動。這樣在啟動過程中，外界的含塵空氣就會不經(jīng)過濾而直接吸入氣缸內(nèi)，造成活塞、氣缸等零件的異常磨損，還會造成柴油機工作粗暴，損害機器。所以在低溫條件下，還需要勤換空氣濾芯。
Do not take down the air filter. Use cotton yarn dipped in diesel oil to ignite it and put it into the intake pipe to start combustion. In this way, during the starting process, the external dusty air will be directly sucked into the cylinder without filtration, resulting in abnormal wear of piston, cylinder and other parts, rough operation of diesel engine and damage to the machine. Therefore, under low temperature conditions, it is also necessary to change the air filter element frequently.
四、啟動方法不當。
4、 Improper starting method.
在低溫環(huán)境中有的工作人員為能夠快速啟動柴油機，常采用無水啟動（先啟動，后加冷卻水）的非正常啟動方法。這種做法會對機器造成嚴重損害，應禁止使用。正確的預熱方法是：先將保溫被罩在水箱上，打開放水閥，向水箱內(nèi)連續(xù)注入60-70℃的清潔軟水，用手觸摸放水閥流出的水有燙手感覺時，再關(guān)閉放水閥，向水箱灌入90-100℃的清潔軟水，并搖轉(zhuǎn)曲軸，使各運動件得到適當預先潤滑，然后再行啟動。
In the low temperature environment, some workers often use the abnormal starting method of anhydrous starting (starting first and then adding cooling water) in order to start the diesel engine quickly. This practice will cause serious damage to the machine and should be prohibited. The correct preheating method is: first cover the thermal insulation quilt on the water tank, open the water drain valve, continuously inject 60-70 ℃ clean soft water into the water tank, touch the water flowing out of the water drain valve with your hand, and then close the water drain valve, inject 90-100 ℃ clean soft water into the water tank, rotate the crankshaft to properly pre lubricate all moving parts, and then start it.
五、低溫負荷作業(yè)。
5、 Low temperature load operation.
柴油機啟動著火后，有些工作人員迫不及待地立即投入負荷作業(yè)。著火不久的柴油機，由于機體溫度低，機油粘度大，機油不易充入運動副的摩擦表面，會引起機器嚴重磨損。另外，柱塞彈簧、氣門彈簧和噴油器彈簧由于“冷脆”也容易斷裂。故溫度低時柴油機啟動著火后，應以低中速空轉(zhuǎn)幾分鐘，等冷卻水溫度達到60℃時，再投入負荷作業(yè)。
After the diesel engine started and caught fire, some workers couldn't wait to put into load operation immediately. For diesel engines that catch fire soon, due to low body temperature and high oil viscosity, the oil is not easy to fill the friction surface of the moving pair, which will cause serious wear of the machine. In addition, plunger spring, valve spring and injector spring are also easy to break due to "cold brittleness". Therefore, when the temperature is low, after the diesel engine starts and catches fire, it should idle at low and medium speed for several minutes, and then put into load operation when the cooling water temperature reaches 60 ℃.
六、不注意機體保溫。
6、 Do not pay attention to body insulation.
溫度低時，容易使柴油發(fā)電機組工作時冷卻過度。故保溫是低溫環(huán)境中用好柴油機的關(guān)鍵，所以在使用的柴油機時都應配備保溫套和保溫簾等防寒設(shè)備。
When the temperature is low, it is easy to over cool the diesel generator set during operation. Therefore, thermal insulation is the key to make good use of diesel engine in low temperature environment. Therefore, when using diesel engine, thermal insulation sleeve, thermal insulation curtain and other cold proof equipment should be equipped.
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