一、技術(shù)原理

1、 Technical principles

生物質(zhì)氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的核心在于生物質(zhì)氣的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)電過程的完美結(jié)合。生物質(zhì)氣的制備主要通過氣化和發(fā)酵兩種技術(shù)路徑。氣化技術(shù)是在高溫缺氧或微氧條件下，使生物質(zhì)發(fā)生熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)，分解成一氧化碳、氫氣、甲烷等可燃?xì)怏w，這些氣體組成的混合氣體被稱為生物質(zhì)合成氣。以木屑為例，經(jīng)過氣化爐的高溫處理，能夠產(chǎn)出熱值可觀的合成氣。發(fā)酵技術(shù)則主要用于處理富含有機(jī)物的生物質(zhì)，如畜禽糞便、污水污泥等，在厭氧環(huán)境下，微生物將有機(jī)物分解，產(chǎn)生以甲烷為主要成分的沼氣。?

The core of biomass gas power generation unit lies in the perfect combination of biomass gas generation and power generation process. The preparation of biomass gas mainly involves two technical pathways: gasification and fermentation. Gasification technology is a thermal chemical reaction that occurs under high temperature, oxygen deficient or micro oxygen conditions to decompose biomass into combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, etc. The mixed gas composed of these gases is called biomass synthesis gas. Taking sawdust as an example, after high-temperature treatment in a gasifier, it can produce synthetic gas with considerable calorific value. Fermentation technology is mainly used to treat biomass rich in organic matter, such as livestock manure, sewage sludge, etc. In anaerobic environments, microorganisms decompose organic matter to produce biogas mainly composed of methane. ?

產(chǎn)生的生物質(zhì)氣進(jìn)入發(fā)電機(jī)組后，與傳統(tǒng)燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組的工作原理相似。在燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機(jī)或燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)中，生物質(zhì)氣與空氣混合后被點(diǎn)燃，燃燒產(chǎn)生的高溫高壓氣體推動(dòng)活塞或渦輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，進(jìn)而帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。部分先進(jìn)的生物質(zhì)氣發(fā)電機(jī)組還配備了余熱回收系統(tǒng)，將燃燒過程中產(chǎn)生的余熱用于預(yù)熱生物質(zhì)原料、加熱水或驅(qū)動(dòng)吸收式制冷機(jī)，大大提高了能源的綜合利用效率，使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的能源利用率可提升至 80% 以上。

After entering the power generation unit, the generated biomass gas works similarly to the working principle of traditional gas-fired power generation units. In gas internal combustion engines or gas turbines, biomass gas is mixed with air and ignited. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas produced by combustion drives the piston or turbine to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. Some advanced biomass gas power generation units are also equipped with waste heat recovery systems, which use the waste heat generated during the combustion process to preheat biomass raw materials, heat water, or drive absorption refrigeration machines, greatly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy and increasing the energy utilization rate of the entire system to over 80%.

二、有發(fā)展什么優(yōu)勢

2、 What are the advantages of development

1、環(huán)保效益顯著?

1. Significant environmental benefits

生物質(zhì)氣發(fā)電機(jī)組從源頭上減少了廢棄物的堆積和污染排放。以秸稈為例，每利用 1 噸秸稈發(fā)電，可減少約 1.2 噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量的溫室氣體排放，相當(dāng)于植樹造林 66 平方米。同時(shí)，避免了秸稈焚燒產(chǎn)生的大量煙塵、二氧化硫等污染物，改善了空氣質(zhì)量。處理有機(jī)垃圾和廢水時(shí)，也能有效降低水體富營養(yǎng)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。?

Biomass gas power generation units reduce the accumulation of waste and pollution emissions from the source. Taking straw as an example, for every ton of straw used for power generation, about 1.2 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced, equivalent to planting 66 square meters of trees. At the same time, it avoids the large amount of pollutants such as smoke and sulfur dioxide generated by straw burning, and improves air quality. When dealing with organic waste and wastewater, it can also effectively reduce the risk of eutrophication in water bodies and protect the ecological environment. ?

2、能源供應(yīng)多元化?

2. Diversified energy supply

生物質(zhì)氣作為一種可再生能源，豐富了能源供應(yīng)體系。它不受地域、季節(jié)限制，在不同地區(qū)都能找到合適的生物質(zhì)原料進(jìn)行發(fā)電。在一些偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，電網(wǎng)覆蓋不足，生物質(zhì)氣發(fā)電機(jī)組可作為獨(dú)立的供電系統(tǒng)，保障居民和企業(yè)用電，提高能源供應(yīng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。?

Biomass gas, as a renewable energy source, enriches the energy supply system. It is not limited by geography or season, and suitable biomass materials can be found for power generation in different regions. In some remote areas where the power grid coverage is insufficient, biomass gas generators can serve as an independent power supply system to ensure the electricity supply for residents and businesses, and improve the stability and reliability of energy supply. ?

3、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益可觀?

3. Significant economic benefits

生物質(zhì)氣發(fā)電項(xiàng)目不僅能產(chǎn)生電力收益，還能通過銷售沼渣、沼液等副產(chǎn)品增加收入。同時(shí)，企業(yè)利用自身產(chǎn)生的生物質(zhì)資源發(fā)電，可降低用電成本，減少對外部能源的依賴。此外，國家和地方政府對生物質(zhì)能產(chǎn)業(yè)出臺(tái)了一系列補(bǔ)貼政策，進(jìn)一步提高了項(xiàng)目的盈利能力，吸引了更多社會(huì)資本投入，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。

Biomass gas power generation projects can not only generate electricity revenue, but also increase income through the sale of by-products such as sludge and slurry. At the same time, enterprises can use their own biomass resources to generate electricity, which can reduce electricity costs and decrease dependence on external energy sources. In addition, the national and local governments have introduced a series of subsidy policies for the biomass energy industry, further improving the profitability of projects, attracting more social capital investment, and promoting the rapid development of the industry.

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